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History of communical riots

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  Abstract How does inequality within and between ethno-religious groups influence the likelihood and frequency of communal riots? Using evidence from India, this article finds that low within-group and high between-group inequality dampens the likelihood and frequency of communal riots. Theoretically, the article suggests that the instrumental logic, which posits that ethnonationalist politicians use violence to stoke ethnic cleavages and mobilize support, best accounts for this finding. We argue that to be politically competitive, ethnonationalist politicians need their supporters to identify foremost with their ethnic identity. When inequality within groups is high and/or inequality between groups is low, citizens are less likely to focus on ethnicity as their primary identity. In such contexts, politicians may use communal riots to improve their electoral prospects by reinforcing the salience of ethnicity. Economic inequality and ethno-religious riots: Three approaches There are th
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Special reference to jammu and kashmir

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  Jammu and Kashmir ,  union territory  of  India  (until October 31, 2019, a state), located in the northern part of the  Indian subcontinent  centred on the plains around Jammu  to the south and vale of  to the north. The union territory is part of kashmir the larger region of  Kashmir , which has been the subject of  dispute  between India, Pakistan , and china  since the partition of the subcontinent in 1947. Legislation passed in August 2019 set the stage for downgrading Jammu and Kashmir from statehood to union territory status and splitting off a part of it, known as the Ladakh  region, into a separate union territory. The change went into effect on October 31 of that year, though several court cases affecting its status remained pending in the years that fofllowed. Jammu and Kashmir, formerly one of the largest princely states of India, is bounded to the east by the Indian union territory of  Ladakh , to the south by the Indian states of  Himachal Pradesh  and  P Jhelum River J
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Educational stories

  1) The Golden Touch of Midas Once upon a time, there was a Greek King, Midas. He was very rich and had lots of Gold. He had a daughter, who he loved a lot. One day, Midas found an angel in need of help. He helped her and in return she agreed to grant a wish. Midas wished that everything he touched would turn into gold. His wish was granted On his way home, he touched rocks and plants and they turned into gold. As he reached home, in excitement he hugged his daughter, who turned into gold. Midas was devastated and he had learnt his lesson. Upon learning his lesson, Midas asked the angel to take his wish away. Moral of the story Greed is not good for you. Be content and satisfied to lead a happy and fulfilling life 2) The Tortoise and the Hare This is an extremely popular story about a hare and a tortoise. The hare is an animal that is known to move quickly, while a tortoise is one to move slowly. One day, the hare challenged the tortoise to a race simply to prove that he was the best.
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Environmental stories

 Environmental stories have taken center stage in recent years, reflecting the growing concern for our planet's well-being. One of the most significant narratives revolves around climate change. Rising temperatures, extreme weather events, and melting polar ice caps have made headlines worldwide. The urgency to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and transition to renewable energy sources has never been more pressing.Another critical environmental story is the decline in biodiversity. Species are vanishing at an alarming rate due to habitat destruction, pollution, and over-exploitation. Efforts to protect endangered animals and ecosystems are underway, but the battle to preserve Earth's rich biodiversity is far from over.The issue of plastic pollution has gained widespread attention. Plastic waste is choking oceans and harming marine life. Innovative solutions such as biodegradable plastics and increased recycling efforts are being explored to combat this global crisis.Furthermore,
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Political parties

  Politics, simply speaking, refers to the activities surrounding a country’s governance. In the context of a large democratic country like India, politics becomes really complicated. This Indian politics essay will throw light on the politics of India. Politics in India, like any other democratic country, involves the ruling party and the opposition. In India, the formation of political parties has taken place on the basis of ideology. Moreover, the Indian  political parties  belong to the left and the right political spectrum. Leftist politics rely on the values of secularism, liberalism, and rebelliousness. In contrast, rightist politics favour the values of being pro-government, orderly, conservative, and traditional. There are no definitions of left-right politics anywhere in the Indian constitution. Furthermore, these terms were given by commentators, authors, and journalists. Also, it has been witnessed in India that some politicians can change their political party and ideology
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